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Alipin
The ''alipin'' refers to the lowest social class among the various cultures of the Philippines before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the Visayan languages, the equivalent social classes were known as the ''oripun'', ''uripon'', or ''ulipon''.
The most common translation of the word is "servant" or "slave", as opposed to the higher classes of the ''timawa''/''maharlika'' (warrior class) and the ''tumao''/''maginoo'' (noblemen). This translation, however, is inaccurate. The concept of the ''alipin'' relied on a complex system of obligation and repayment through labor in ancient Philippine society, rather than on the actual purchase of a person as in Western and Islamic slavery. Indeed, members of the ''alipin'' class who owned their own houses were more accurately equivalent to medieval European serfs and commoners.
==Etymology==
''Alipin'' and ''oripon'' come from the transitive form of the archaic Visayan root word ''udip'' ("to live"). It derived from the word meaning "to let live" in the senses of letting a war captive live or paying or ransoming someone for a debt that exceeds the value of their life.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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